Homeschooled Voices

Tag: Education

  • My Early Years: Growing up Homeschooled Part 1

    photo by the author

    Author: Grace

    Introduction

    Homeschooling is a practice mostly performed by those who have never experienced it. By parents who had a more typical childhood for their country and culture than what they provided for their own children. No matter how successful homeschooling is for a family, and no matter how the grown children eventually feel about it, one thing that will always be true is that the parents cannot understand what it is like to be homeschooled if they themselves were not homeschooled. They can understand whatever motivated them to homeschool, whether it be religious beliefs, educational philosophy, or special family circumstances such as moving frequently. They can approach homeschooling with their adult maturity, good and bad memories of traditional schooling, and vision of providing something superior for their own children. However, they will not understand what it is like to be raised outside of mainstream educational institutions, and to have the exceptional be your default assumed existence, an upbringing some homeschool graduates have likened to that of a third culture kid. See this article and this video. As someone who grew up in the United States like my parents did, I personally would not claim the third culture kid label solely for having been homeschooled. However, the fact that some homeschool graduates do demonstrates how growing up homeschooled can lead to a feeling of differentness in adulthood.

    In the following article series, I will share my homeschooling story. I will discuss what happened over the years, as well as how my emotional life and understanding of the world evolved throughout time. I will mention my parents, siblings, and people we knew, but will give no identifying details. To make a few things clear: first of all, this is not an attack piece on my parents. They had good intentions and mostly did a good job at raising us homeschooled. I still had a privileged childhood compared to many. Second, these are my personal experiences, and they do not represent all homeschoolers. For example, see Homeschoolers Anonymous for a large archive of homeschooling stories. My goal in writing this to increase awareness of what homeschooling can potentially look like from a student’s perspective. I hope you find it interesting!

    My Early Years of Being Homeschooled (ages 4-8, 2009-2013)

    Advanced Academically

    To start my homeschooling story at the very beginning, I must go all the way back to the year 2009, when I’d just turned four and my mom began doing a kindergarten curriculum with me. This was not a dramatic transition to a new place that involved teachers, classmates, and separation from my parents. The only change was that I now did a little bit of schoolwork with my mom some days. Every week I learned a new letter, and about something that started with that letter. Every school day I wrote a new number in my chart, counting toward my hundredth day of school. Mom read me the Genesis creation story, and I colored a picture for each of the seven days. I took it literally, and so did my parents. I painstakingly sounded out each word in my reading exercises. The following year, my mom did a phonics curriculum with me, and I learned all the rules, and that apparently a lot of words broke them. As I got better at reading, came to love it, and would devour all the children’s books mom gave me. Homeschooling was working well.

    When my brother and I were in kindergarten and second grade respectively, we did a curriculum on different countries and cultures, and this is probably one of my favorite memories from elementary school. I loved reading books about kids from different parts of the world, listening to music, trying new foods, and studying our atlases. Mom was surprised by how quickly my brother and I learned our geography, a pattern which repeated itself with many subjects. She has said we were like “sponges” for information. The work she put in to homeschooling us seemed to be paying off. I still consider those early elementary school years to be a special phase of learning, when you can discover so many things about the world for the first time.

    A Happy Family Life

    When I wasn’t doing schoolwork or the couple of chores I had daily, I could always find some way to entertain myself. I didn’t often feel lonely or bored. I was especially close with my next-oldest brother, and we spent hours making up weird stories about all our toy dolls and trains. My brother and I even won prizes at our homeschool co-op for being the individual boy and girl who had read the most books that year (yes, they separated it by gender instead of grade level for some reason). My family lived in Florida from when I was six until I was eight, and the beach became a favorite activity. I loved being in the water and collecting the colorful Florida seashells. I still have a whole box of them from about thirteen years ago. Back then, it felt like the world of my home and family was still plenty to explore.

    Socialized?

    Of course, I also had people in my life besides my immediate family. We went to church, park days, field trips, and homeschooling co-ops when we could. Dad was off at work a lot, but mom was at home all day with us and still wanted friends. So, she met up with other moms to talk, while we kids had a playdate. I was lucky that some of mom’s friends happened to have little girls my age! I felt happy and excited when it was time for these meetups. Back then, I considered any kid close to my age whom I saw repeatedly to be my friend- even if we didn’t actually interact very often. So, in my mind, I had enough friends, just like characters in books and movies. If I was socially behind, I wasn’t aware of it. Though looking back now, I think I was a bit behind. I was spared the stress of bullying and peer pressure in public school, but the tradeoff was less time with peers. It’s impossible to say just how much this aspect of homeschooling affected me though, because I never had anything else with which to compare it.

    All That I Knew

    What did I think about being homeschooled? Honestly, I don’t recall thinking much about it at all as a young child. It was my default state of existence. I knew what a school was, of course. My favorite characters often went, and so did my neighborhood friends. If I was being difficult, Mom would exclaim something like: “what if you were in a school?”, or “how embarrassing if you did that in a classroom!” On some level, I must have known my lifestyle was different, even if I don’t remember exactly when I first realized this. I never questioned it, never once asked my parents for school. I’m not sure if I fully comprehended that I, personally, could attend a traditional school. It felt like a fictional place to me, like in The Magic School Bus (my favorite show at age eight). In my mind, kids in our family didn’t get on that yellow school bus and go to this mysterious, possibly scary place called “public school” to sit at a desk for hours. We did schoolwork at home with mom and had lots of free time to play. We were Christians, military kids, and homeschoolers. The latter two things on that list might be circumstantial, but I still internalized all three of them as part of my identity at a young age.

    Ultimately, my life was different, but not all bad. I was a child with loving parents and a safe home. When I look back on my homeschooling experience, the early elementary years are still the ones about which I have the most positive feelings.

    Part 2 is coming soon! Click here if you want to share your own homeschooling story on this website!

  • On the Benefits and Limits of Homeschool Co-ops

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    Author: Grace

    Introduction

    Growing up, I always looked forward to co-op days. Co-op was a little slice of life outside the home. It had the possibility of friends and was a place where like-minded families came together for activities that would be hard to do alone. Thanks to my co-ops, I learned photography, played the ukelele, gave speeches, and did dissections for high school biology. I had people I looked forward to seeing, and whom I still remember fondly to this day. In many ways, the co-ops we attended provided an enriching experience for my siblings and I, one that we were undoubtedly better off for having had.

    Co-ops are a resource commonly used by homeschooling families like mine. In 2025, the Johns Hopkins Homeschool Research Lab conducted a survey of over 2,400 homeschooling parents in the U.S. In it, 88% of parents reported using outside resources to supplement their children’s learning, and 29% specifically reported using co-ops. This allows for rates of co-op attendance to be estimated at about 1 in 3 American homeschooling families. Apparently, many homeschoolers find co-ops to be a resource worth using, and I agree that they can indeed be a valuable addition to homeschool life.

    Sometimes I still wonder though: are co-ops really enough? It may seem odd that someone with good memories of co-ops would even ask this question. However, now that I have grown up and left the world of homeschooling, I can see some flaws in the homeschool lifestyle. I wish to discuss then. After all, how will future generations of homeschoolers know what to improve if alumni do not share their perspectives? So, this will be a somewhat critical article on weekly homeschooling co-ops. I will argue that if we mean “enough” in the sense of providing adequate social opportunities and academic enrichment for homeschooled students, then no, co-ops are not enough by themselves. They are limited in what they can provide as they are constrained by time and the pressures of family life. They are a starting point to enrichment, not an end in themselves.

    Social Limitations

    The largest social constraint I have noticed in homeschool co-ops is a simple lack of time for interaction. Because they are intended to be supplemental and not a child’s primary source of education, co-ops spend much less time in session than traditional schools. They commonly meet once per week, possibly less, with years that may be shorter than a traditional school year. While children in school will be around the same group of people five days a week as part of their normal routine, homeschooled children may only get one day a week with a specific set of people. Furthermore, that one day is for an activity that is not essential to their family’s functioning, and in fact just creates more work for the parents. Co-op is easy to miss due to sickness, scheduling conflicts, or parental burnout. I personally missed multiple times as a teen due to younger siblings being ill. And if a family skips a week, they will likely have at least another one to wait before seeing their co-op friends again. All of this means that a child in a co-op may end up feeling that their time to form friendships is limited, and that access to their social outlet is inconsistent and precarious.

    Another social limitation of co-ops is that they can lack diversity. By their very nature, they only include homeschoolers who voluntarily join and are not a representative sample of the local community at large. Often co-op leaders are even selective about which type of homeschooler is admitted and end up creating a little social bubble full of families with similar religious and political beliefs. I have seen this process unfold firsthand. Several years ago, my large family had just moved to a new state, where we were lucky to find a little co-op that welcomed us in the middle of the semester. Within the next few years that co-op grew in size, space became limited, and the leadership established a stricter vetting process for new members. This included a mandatory statement of faith and a lengthy review by the board members. They found social media posts they didn’t like? Rejected. There was a rumor about one of the children in a family? Rejected. A parent couldn’t commit to leading a class due to medical problems? Rejected. The judgement and exclusivity of some homeschool moms went far beyond practical considerations for co-op membership. And the result was a co-op that was very conservative, evangelical and very white as a natural result of selecting for the first two things. It did not allow kids to interact with people from a variety of backgrounds, nor did it allow them to explore outside ideas. As a teen who was beginning to internally question some conservative ideas, I felt I could not say all my thoughts out loud. And I recognize that my family was welcomed into many of our co-ops because we were conservative Christians. I know of other homeschoolers who struggled to find a homeschool group because of strict membership requirements. The lack of diversity within some co-ops means that some kids are not learning to interact with people different than them, and others are shut out.

    Academic Limitations

    Lack of consistency and time can also affect the academic offerings at co-ops. I don’t deny that they can provide excellent academic enrichment when the circumstances are right. When I was in ninth grade, I was enrolled in a co-op that had several other students my age, and parents willing to teach high school biology. We did our textbook readings as homework, then came to co-op for the labs and class discussions that we couldn’t do at home. It worked well for everyone. Well, except for the co-op’s sole older high schooler who’d already done biology. And it was a wonderful opportunity- for the year it lasted. I had no co-op chemistry class the next year, nor physics the year after. The rest of high school science was reading a textbook alone in my room. Co-op membership shifts, teachers come and go, and the class offerings of a co-op vary from year to year. This is perfectly fine if you’re looking for fun extracurricular classes like painting or robotics but makes the co-op an unreliable source for core academic subjects like algebra or high school chemistry.

    Parents vs. Children

    Although a co-op exists to provide activities for homeschooled children, it is ultimately an organization run by and dependent upon homeschooling parents. Not that this is inherently bad- it is unavoidable that much of what a child does will need to be facilitated by adults anyways. Still, it is important to recognize that parents and children play distinct roles in a homeschool co-op. If co-op leaders treat the experiences of themselves and their children as one and the same, they risk their co-op becoming more accommodating to the social needs of the adults than those of the children.

    A homeschool mom who joins a co-op is the one with autonomy, the one with transportation, the one with control over how her family socializes. She can seek out a community with like-minded adults in a similar stage of life. She has free access to electronic communication with her friends and full control over arranging get-togethers outside of co-op. Yes, it’s still possible she could struggle to make friends, but as an adult, she has a level of control over her social situation that her children do not have over theirs.

    I think that co-op parents can even get more social time than their children. One co-op I attended had a free period for moms to hang out in the break room and drink coffee together. Meanwhile the kids were in class, where much like in a school, we were expected to pay attention and not just talk the whole time. I loved class, and that was a very reasonable expectation, but it still led to slightly less social time for us kids. In another co-op my mom joined the board, which held meetings where parents got together, dealt with administrative tasks, and spent a lot of time talking. Of course, I understand that the board meetings were necessary for the co-op to function. It’s just somewhat ironic to think of all the moms laughing and chatting while the teens of the co-op were apart. All of those hours were spent planning classes that would only meet about ten times, so that the students could have their mornings together a couple times a month.

    It’s no wonder that the social landscape of a co-op can be a bit challenging for a student. The other kids enrolled in a co-op have a wide range of ages and personalities without the common identity of something like “Christian Homeschool Parent” to bind them together. A 40-year-old mother may easily befriend a 45-year-old mother, while their daughters aged 10 and 15 struggle to relate to each other on the same level. And a homeschooled kid had better hope that the peers they connect with at co-op happen to also be the kids of mom’s friends. When my family met up with other families, sometimes one sibling’s friend would be there, sometimes another’s, while the other kids would all sit around awkwardly. We were always seeing one of mom’s friends though. Overall, it is possible for the children in a co-op to have less opportunity to feel connected with people of a similar developmental stage than their parents do.

    Conclusion: How to Properly Use Co-ops

    Co-ops are a starting point to social and academic enrichment, not an end. They should be supplemented with other activities and resources. Something that can help mitigate the shortcomings of the weekly activity model is being involved in multiple activities at once, with overlapping families if possible. Parents should also arrange frequent get-togethers outside of activities that center on their children’s friendships. If they’re searching for additional academic support, they can look into everything from online classes, to tutors, to community college for teens. Most importantly, parents can simply ask their kids to share their perspective. Are they happy, are they bored, is there anything else they want to learn, do they feel they have true friends? Is there something going wrong in their life? Just ask! Make sure they feel understood and connected with other people.

    None of this is said to discourage participation in co-ops. I still maintain that they can be a wonderful addition to homeschool life, and that raising awareness of the potential pitfalls associated with them is for the good of homeschooling and homeschooled children alike.

  • Holding Back by Frances Prentice: Homeschooling in Rural Australia

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    Holding Back is a YA novella by Frances Prentice that was published by the Australian publisher Rhiza Press. It is available on Kindle (how I got it) and also can be purchased in paperback or audiobook form. I discovered it randomly through online browsing, and when I saw it had a homeschooled character, I thought it would be worth considering for the award.

    This is a very short and simply written book, but the author still manages to tell a sweet story with actually decent homeschooling representation. It follows fifteen-year-old Nick, who lives on a farm in the outback, and whose main purpose in life is campdrafting. As I learned from the book, this is a sport that involves contestants on horseback herding steers through a course. Unlike his sister Kathy, Nick is quiet and awkward. He doesn’t have close friends- until he joins the local swim team. There, he discovers a new passion and forms bonds with his teammates.

    While many of the books this year focus on exceptional circumstances such as boat schooling or agoraphobia, this is realistic fiction about a somewhat more “normal” homeschooler. It is also an example of a non-American homeschooler, and a teen boy main character, both of which are uncommon in fictional portrayals of homeschooling. Nick has a list of assignments from his mom that he works through independently. This seems true to how many homeschooled high schoolers are educated, and similar to my own teenage years. The story touches upon the struggles with finding friends if you have limited access to and time to talk with kids your age, which is very believable in a rural area. However, it also shows how friendships are still possible if you are able to be involved in activities. I think that seeing a character overcome realistic challenges as a homeschooler will be better for real homeschooled kids than the common trope of a completely isolated homeschooler going to school and immediately making best friends.

  • Why Community Colleges Are an Excellent Choice for Homeschoolers

    Photo by RDNE Stock project: https://www.pexels.com/photo/group-of-people-standing-beside-a-building-7683745/

    Author: Steven

    In this article we will be examining why community colleges can be a great fit for both current homeschool students who desire opportunities for college credit via dual enrollment as well as former homeschool students who are past the typical high school age. Despite their at times negative reputation from the general public, community colleges offer several benefits for students who come from a homeschool background. 

    Community colleges offer excellent opportunities for personalized learning.

    Community colleges offer smaller class sizes than one will find at many large universities, especially for entry level courses. This article by Crown Counseling, explains that the average class sizes in community colleges tend to range from 25-35 students, while similar offerings at larger universities can be over 300. Given that most community colleges offer the same introductory (college freshmen and sophomore level) courses that universities do, one can get more out of them by being part of a smaller environment with instructors who are able to connect with each individual, rather than just being one face in a sea of many. 

    Similarly, community colleges also allow for different models for students to take classes, including in-person options during the standard school day timeframe, as well as evening and weekend options. Community colleges also offer plenty of opportunities for online and hybrid (mix of in-person and online) learning, with this article by Sara Weissman of Inside Higher Ed noting that online learning options have remained popular with students even after the Covid-19 pandemic subsided. This can open doors for you to start your college career without having to travel to a physical campus, which can be a major benefit for you depending on your situation. With that being said, if you are someone with a homeschool background who is interested in pursuing collegiate studies I would very strongly encourage you to do at least some of your classes in person. There is an element of connection with instructors and classmates that simply cannot be replicated virtually, and it can be especially helpful in courses in the STEM fields. I am a K-12 homeschool alum myself who earned a bachelors degree completely online and I am now back in school in-person (at a community college) to go into the medical field, so I am speaking from personal experience when I am making this recommendation. 

    Community colleges are significantly more affordable than public or private universities.

    One aspect of community colleges that many people do not realize is how affordable they can be when compared to other higher education options. In this article from the American Association of Community Colleges we find some average annual tuition costs for full-time students at different types of institutions for the 2023-2024 academic year:

    • Public 2-Year Colleges In-District (Community Colleges)-$3,990
    • Public 4-Year Colleges In-State ($11,260)
    • Public 4-Year Colleges Out-of-State ($29,150)
    • Private 4-Year Colleges ($41,450)

    As one can clearly see from this data, community colleges are the most affordable option in higher education by a long shot, especially when compared to going to school out-of-state or going to a private university. I have often suggested to people I know, homeschoolers, public schoolers, and private schoolers, that unless they have rich parents, a full-ride scholarship, or significant money from both scholarships and grants, starting out at a community college will be their best option financially. In addition, many community colleges offer plenty of scholarships and grants, which are financial aid options which you do not have to repay (unlike loans) which can help you fund your education. 

    Community colleges can help you if you come from a unique academic background or if you need remedial courses

    Many community colleges have a policy of open enrollment, which means that they accept anyone with a high school diploma or GED, as this piece by Sarah Wood of US News and World Report explains. Community colleges do not have the same competitive application cycle that other college and universities do, with many of them placing more emphasis on their own placement tests than they do on traditional college readiness standardized tests like the ACT or SAT. For example, if you test into needing to take a remedial math class but you are fine on everything else you can take a remedial math class while also taking college level English and History classes. Also, if your parents did not provide you with a high school transcript or diploma (4-year colleges and universities want both for admission directly from high school) then you will find that many community colleges will have programs to help you earn your GED before moving onto college level coursework. 

    In summary, I believe that community colleges are an excellent option for both former and current homeschoolers to further their education. I am someone who has been a community college student multiple times and I have found the instructors and material in them to be as rigorous and beneficial as in other academic settings. The benefits that they possess on the fronts of accessibility, affordability, and accommodation are significant. Whatever you might want to get out of your higher education journey, I strongly encourage to consider beginning it at your local community college. 

  • Socialization Explained for Homeschoolers: Integration Into Society

    This essential part of human development may be more complex than you think.

    https://images.pexels.com/photos/296301/pexels-photo-296301.jpeg

    Author: Grace

    Socialization is a commonly debated issue related to homeschooling. Do some research on it, and you will find everything from claims that homeschooling produces superior social skills, to warnings about the dangers of isolation. To participate in this debate, you must first understand what socialization actually means, and how it happens. This article series will give a brief overview of socialization. Hopefully it will be helpful whether you are a homeschool alumni evaluating your own socialization, or someone who wants to ensure that a homeschooled child in your life is well-socialized.

    Definitions

    The word “socialization” has two meanings related to human social development. Merriam-Webster‘s online dictionary defines it as following:

    a: the process beginning during childhood by which individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society

    b: social interaction with others

    Socialization is multi-faceted and involves an individual learning the rules of society as a whole, not just that individual’s social interactions with others. What exactly can be meant by “society” though? The relevant Merriam-Webster definition is:

    a: an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another

    b: a community, nation, or broad grouping of people having common traditions, institutions, and collective activities and interests

    A society is like an ecosystem of humans, where the interactions of different members keep the entire system functioning.

    Becoming a Part of Society

    A child born anywhere in the world will be born into a society that is defined by their culture and nationality. Just as different species in an ecosystem are dependent upon each other, each individual person relies upon their fellow human beings. That is why it is necessary for a child to be socialized into their own society and learn how to form relationships with the people around them.

    The Role of the Family

    For most children, their journey into society begins in the home with their own family. Babies are normally held, cared for, and spoken to by caregivers long before they can communicate for themselves. As they grow older, kids can learn about the basic norms of their society from siblings and extended family members. As the textbook Introduction to Sociology available on OpenStax puts it:

    They show the child how to use objects (such as clothes, computers, eating utensils, books, bikes); how to relate to others (some as “family,” others as “friends,” still others as “strangers” or “teachers” or “neighbors”); and how the world works (what is “real” and what is “imagined”).

    The consequences of not getting this early childhood interaction are devastating. Introduction to Sociology opens its chapter on socialization with an example of a seven-year-old girl who family had severely neglected her.

    Without regular interaction—the holding, hugging, talking, the explanations and demonstrations given to most young children—she had not learned to walk or to speak, to eat or to interact, to play or even to understand the world around her. From a sociological point of view, Danielle had not been socialized.

    The little girl had been left alone in rooms for most of her life and had never attended school. Without sufficient attention from her family, she was not capable of walking or eating properly let alone communicating with other people. Even basic abilities like these must be learned from others and are not naturally discovered by a child in complete isolation. This tragic case is an extreme example of parental neglect that underscores just how important it is for all children, homeschooled or not, to receive plentiful attention from their family members.

    The Role of Peers

    The family plays a critical role in how a child learns to interact with the world around them. Homeschooling keeps children at home with their parents and siblings more than they would be otherwise. However, the family alone cannot socialize a child. There are multiple agents of socialization. Members of a society have “organized patterns of relationships” with each other that extend beyond family, and children need to learn how to act in multiple social contexts- including those with peers. Peers offer the chance to form friendships with others of a similar age and developmental stage. This helps children learn “essential social skills such as cooperation, leadership, and conflict resolution“. For adolescents, peer groups are especially important as they “begin to develop an identity separate from their parents and exert independence“. As a young person matures into adulthood, so will their peers, who will become potential coworkers, friends, and romantic partners. They will forever be members of the same generation, connected by shared cultural experiences that began during childhood.

    Collective Experiences

    Society is defined partly by the fact that its member share “common traditions, institutions, and collective activities and interests”. Participating in these things gives people common experiences with others in their society beyond their family or even their friend and neighbors. It allows them to “acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society”, a core part of being socialized. For children, school is not just a means to the end of learning academic skills it can be considered one of the shared institutions of society. As Introduction to Sociology puts it:

    Students are not in school only to study math, reading, science, and other subjects—the manifest function of this system. Schools also serve a latent function in society by socializing children into behaviors like practicing teamwork, following a schedule, and using textbooks. School and classroom rituals, led by teachers serving as role models and leaders, regularly reinforce what society expects from children.

    Homeschooled children are separated from the common experience of attending school that most children in developed countries get by default. So, it seems that being homeschooled will cause a child to be participate in society and be socialized differently than most children are. Not necessarily in a worse way, just a different way. They will miss the good of school along with the bad, but instead they will have their own good and bad experiences as a homeschooler. They may have fond memories of co-op friends rather than school friends or going on field trips with their family rather than classmates. Some homeschool alumni may look back with regret over not experiencing a more typical childhood, others with gratitude for their uncommon upbringing, some may have a mixture of feelings. This largely depends on individual circumstances. However, all homeschoolers will have a unique journey into society.

    None of this is written as an attack on homeschooling, just an observation about it. Every society is flawed, and homeschooling can be an escape from prejudice and negative peer influence. However, while young people do not need to accept social injustice, they do need to learn to function in society. This is why it is critical for homeschoolers to partake in community outside their home and family, as many already do to some extent. They need frequent, repeated activities that expose them to different parts of society and allow for learning social norms and sharing in common cultural experiences. This includes many types of social interactions and interpersonal relationships. Social interactions with other individuals will be discussed in more detail in the next installment of this article series. Thank you for reading the first one!

  • Recent Homeschooling Research

    Author: Grace

    Homeschooling is an increasingly popular educational choice. According to the Johns Hopkins School of Education, homeschooling is increasing at an average rate of 5.4% per year in the United States. Parents are turning to homeschooling as an alternative to traditional school, often in hope that it will provide their children with a superior education and social development.

    Despite its growing relevancy, studies on homeschool outcomes are few and often flawed. The research that does exist gives a messy, incomplete picture of homeschooling. Without enough research it is difficult to get an accurate picture of what the average homeschooled student is truly like.

    The Study

    In this article I, the author, will discuss a high-quality study on homeschool outcomes titled “Diverse Outcomes for a Diverse Population“. This 2025 report by Albert Cheng and Angela R. Watson was published by the think tank Cardus. The data was taken from the 2023 Cardus Education Survey, which was given to a representative sample of 2,350 U.S. adults by the polling firm Ipsos Public Affairs. About eight percent (181) of these were homeschoolers. Some major strengths of this study are that it allows homeschoolers to be compared with each other, and with a control group of traditionally schooled adults, and that random sampling reduces the likelihood of the results being biased towards a specific type of homeschooler. The authors also controlled for demographic factors besides school type.

    How Long Were Respondents Homeschooled?

    The authors divide the respondents into short-term (1-2 years), medium-term (3-7 years), and long-term (8-13 years) homeschoolers. Overall, about 36%, 27%, and 36% of participants fell in each group. The most common number of years spent homeschooled was only 1 year (20% of respondents) with an additional 16% percent of respondents spending only 2 years homeschooled. The next most common time was 13 years (17%), so K-12 homeschoolers were found to be a minority representing less than 1/5 of the total homeschool population. Homeschooling temporarily or making it a long-term commitment both seemed to be a bit more common for students than splitting their education more evenly between homeschooling and traditional schooling.

    Is There a Higher Education Gap?

    According to this study, there is a gap, with homeschoolers being less likely to pursue higher education.

    The 2023 Cardus Education Survey revealed some disparities between different educational groups. Rates of bachelor’s degree attainment were found to be about 46% for non-homeschoolers, 45% for short-term homeschoolers, 27% for medium-term, and 29% for long-term. On the other hand, the rates of having only a high school diploma were 27%, 36%, 47% and 41% respectively. According to the authors’ analysis medium and long-term homeschoolers were less likely to pursue any kind of higher education, and all homeschoolers were more likely to have nothing above a high school diploma than non-homeschoolers.

    The study cannot prove that homeschooling causes these outcomes, just that homeschooling for three or more years was correlated with lower pursuit of higher education among those surveyed. Unfortunately, the authors did not discover why the homeschoolers pursued higher education at lower rates.

    Do Homeschoolers Earn Less?

    According to this study, they do tend to earn less.

    52% of non-homeschooled respondents reported a household income above the U.S. median. Only 41% of short-term, 33% of medium-term, and 35% of long-term homeschoolers could say the same. Unemployment was also worse for homeschoolers, especially the medium-term ones who reported an unemployment rate of 33% compared to 19% for non-homeschoolers.

    Why does this gap exist? Cheng and Watson speculate that it may be partly due to homeschoolers’ attitudes towards life:

    “…long-term homeschoolers may value other things in life more than money, which might partially explain their lower educational attainment and income levels. However, long-term homeschoolers also placed more value on hard work, which might be a partial explanation for why their likelihood of employment was similar to that of more highly educated short-term homeschoolers.”

    However, this is just a suggestion, and the authors do not offer an explanation for the source of these differing attitudes.

    Are Homeschoolers More Content in Life?

    They said yes in this study.

    Overall long-term homeschoolers scored the highest on gratitude, positivity, satisfaction with life, and close social relationships, and the lowest on depression and anxiety. Of the three groups of homeschoolers medium-term ones tended to score the lowest on these. The authors do not say whether all of the differences between groups were significant, but the findings suggest that homeschooled respondents at least did not report worse mental health than the others. Homeschoolers were also more likely to have volunteered, and to attend religious services regularly.

    When it came to marriage and having children, the largest divides existed within the homeschooling community. Sixty-three percent of long-term homeschoolers were married compared to only 34% of medium-term ones. Long-terms had an average of 1.23 children each while medium-terms had .61. This shows that while some homeschoolers were more likely to have formed a family than non-homeschoolers others were less likely to have done so.

    Conclusion

    The research by Cheng and Watson truly demonstrates that there are “Diverse Outcomes for A Diverse Population“. Some findings are encouraging, others are worrying. The variations between differently educated adults suggest that traditional schooling, homeschooling, and switching between the two might affect life trajectories. However, Cheng and Watson still warn that their work does not prove homeschooling as the cause of varying outcomes.

    ” It is important to reiterate that the associations between outcomes and amount of time someone was homeschooled should not be interpreted as causal. The analytic methods used in this report cannot account for every potential factor that leads to the differences observed among homeschoolers. Likewise, the findings in this report cannot speak to why homeschooling for different lengths of time might lead to different outcomes.”

    Where will homeschool research go from here? It’s hard to say, but there are many things that could be investigated. I believe that the first step would be to do more surveys like this one to see which outcomes are the most consistently reported. Replication would help researchers to be more confident in their evaluation of the homeschooling community. A good direction for research would be the causes of the apparent lower rate of college attendance among homeschoolers. Is it just a matter of different priorities? Are there barriers in the preparation or application processes? The results of this survey were a bit surprising to me as a homeschool graduate in college. I would also like to see more investigation into the mental health of homeschool graduates. What specific homeschooling experiences are correlated with good mental health? This information homeschoolers should want to know. Hopefully, future generations of homeschoolers will have access to more data than what is available today.

  • Navigating High School: My Advice for Homeschoolers

    Author: Grace

    Photo by Benoît Deschasaux on Unsplash

    As someone who has been out of high school for a few years, I have had time to reflect on my homeschooling experience. Much of it was good, but I definitely could have done better at some things. So, I wanted to share some advice for homeschooled teens.

    1. Make sure you’re prepared for whatever you want to do after high school.

    This is something in which I succeeded. I knew I wanted to go to college (and thankfully my parents supported this), so I completed four years of high school level math, science and writing to be academically prepared. I took SAT prep seriously, because getting the highest score I could would help prove my merit in college applications and make more scholarships available. Extracurriculars such as orchestra and volunteering were also useful. The only thing I regret is not taking any dual enrollment courses. At the time, I was not motivated to do this, but now I see that the practice with time management might have made me more ready for college.

    Before you graduate you should:

    • Make sure your parents are keeping a record of your schoolwork, grades, and extracurricular activities. No matter what you want to do, you should have evidence of your high school education!
    • Look up what the high school graduation requirements are where you live, and what is needed to pursue whatever higher education or training you may want to in the future.
    • Consider taking an SAT/ACT/GED test. I was able to register online to take the SAT at a public school. If you want to go to college, you will very likely need one of these.
    • Consider taking community college courses or something else that will get you experience in a traditional classroom setting.

    2. Learn from various sources

    I am grateful to have had access to the internet and the local library. This helped me expand my knowledge beyond only my assigned homeschool materials. For example, astronomy books I checked out from the library discussed the big bang while my high school textbook didn’t. Everyone has biases, so make sure to explore both sides of issues.

    3. Don’t be too isolated

    I could have done better with this. During the school year, I attended activities 2-3 times a week but never made close friends. More activities may have made friendships easier, but I didn’t know what else was available. I wish I’d been more outgoing and tried to arrange more get-togethers outside of co-op. There were a few families I knew that actually lived in my neighborhood, but I still didn’t go over to their houses very often. It felt awkward, but I wish I’d tried harder.

    It is possible to become isolated as a homeschooler. I’m not stereotyping homeschoolers as weird and unsocialized here; I’m just pointing out that socializing can require more effort when you are not in a traditional school. As a teen, I noticed that my mom never seemed to mind when activities were cancelled, as she was already busy taking care of a large family. I don’t think my mom is an anomaly among homeschooling parents either. During the pandemic, my homeschooled pen pal told me that her mom was happy she couldn’t be late for anything. Because there was nothing to be late for anymore! Stay-at-home parents sometimes just want to stay home, but being a stay-at-home teenager is not ideal. You should be in at least a few activities every week that allow free time for interacting with others your age. Looking back now, I see that only one of my activities (co-op) allowed that. And it wasn’t every week. Advocate for yourself if you ever feel bored or lonely!

    4. Consider your options.

    Plan your future! Research colleges and jobs and find out what it takes to apply. If there is anything in your current life you are unhappy about, at least try to find other options. Research extracurricular activities in your area. Some things you could try are libraries, community centers, scouting programs, homeschool groups, youth sports and summer camps. If you have a specific interest in doing something, look it up. If you are interested in switching to traditional school, look up schools in your area, and find out their policies on accepting homeschoolers. Even if you are partway through high school, it is not too late to try something new if that would benefit you. One of my biggest regrets is that I was somewhat passive as a teen and accepted situations that could have been improved to make my good homeschooling experience even better.

    Finally, if you are struggling with academics or your home life try visiting the Coalition for Responsible Home Education website to find some advice. I just wanted to put this out there because I don’t know what your circumstances are, and I recognize not everyone has supportive parents like I did.

    This is just what I’ve learned based on my personal experiences and research, and hopefully it’s useful to some of you readers. It is important to take advantage of the benefits of being homeschooled, while minimizing the potential downsides.